by Contents
Movie
| Year | Movie | Role |
| 1999 | Topsy-Turvy | Harmonium player (uncredited) |
| 2002 | Hills Like White Elephants | The Man |
| 2003 | To Kill a King | Royalist |
| 2006 | Starter for 10 | Patrick Watts |
| 2006 | Amazing Grace | Prime Minister William Pitt |
| 2007 | Inseparable | Joe / Charlie |
| 2007 | Atonement | Paul Marshall |
| 2008 | The Other Boleyn Girl | William Carey |
| 2009 | Creation | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| 2009 | Burlesque Fairytales | Henry Clark |
| 2010 | Four Lions | Negotiator |
| 2010 | Third Star | James |
| 2010 | The Whistleblower | Nick Kaufman |
| 2011 | Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy | Peter Guillam |
| 2011 | Wreckers | David |
| 2011 | War Horse | Major Jamie Stewart |
| 2012 | Girlfriend in a Coma | Dante Alighieri (voice) |
| 2012 | The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey | Smaug / The Necromancer |
| 2013 | Star Trek Into Darkness | Khan Noonien Singh |
| 2013 | Little Favour | Wallace |
| 2013 | 12 Years a Slave | William Prince Ford |
| 2013 | The Fifth Estate | Julian Assange |
| 2013 | August: Osage County | “Little” Charles Aiken |
| 2013 | The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug | Smaug / Sauron |
| 2014 | The Imitation Game | Alan Turing |
| 2014 | Penguins of Madagascar | Classified |
| 2014 | The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies | Smaug / Sauron |
| 2015 | Black Mass | William M. Bulger |
| 2016 | Zoolander 2 | All |
| 2016 | Doctor Strange | Dr. Stephen Strange |
| 2016 | Doctor Strange | Dormammu |
| 2017 | The Current War | Thomas Edison |
| 2017 | Thor: Ragnarok | Dr. Stephen Strange |
| 2018 | Avengers: Infinity War | Dr. Stephen Strange |
| 2018 | The Grinch | The Grinch |
| 2018 | The Dog Days of Winter | The Grinch |
| 2018 | Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle | Shere Khan |
| 2019 | Avengers: Endgame | Dr. Stephen Strange |
| 2019 | Between Two Ferns: The Movie | Himself |
| 2019 | 1917 | Colonel Mackenzie |
| 2020 | The Courier | Greville Wynne |
| 2021 | The Mauritanian | Stuart Couch |
| 2021 | The Electrical Life of Louis Wain | Louis Wain |
| 2021 | The Power of the Dog | Phil Burbank |
| 2021 | Untitled Spider-Man: Far From Home sequel | Dr. Stephen Strange |
| 2022 | Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness | Dr. Stephen Strange |
TV Show
| Year | TV Show | Role |
| 2002 | Tipping the Velvet | Freddy |
| 2002 | Silent Witness | Warren Reid |
| 2003 | Cambridge Spies | Edward Hand |
| 2003 | Spooks | Jim North |
| 2003 | Fortysomething | Rory Slippery |
| 2004 | Dunkirk | Lt. Jimmy Langley |
| 2004 | Heartbeat | Toby Fisher |
| 2004 | Hawking | Stephen Hawking |
| 2005 | Nathan Barley | Robin |
| 2005 | To the Ends of the Earth | Edmund Talbot |
| 2005 | Broken News | Will Parker |
| 2007 | Stuart: A Life Backwards | Alexander Masters |
| 2008 | The Last Enemy | Stephen Ezard |
| 2009 | Small Island | Bernard |
| 2009 | Marple: Murder Is Easy | Luke Fitzwilliam |
| 2010 | Van Gogh: Painted with Words | Vincent van Gogh |
| 2010 | The Rattigan Enigma | Presenter |
| 2010–2017 | Sherlock | Sherlock Holmes |
| 2012 | Parade’s End | Christopher Tietjens |
| 2013 | The Simpsons | British Prime Minister / Severus Snape (voices) |
| 2014 | The Colbert Report | Smaug (voice) |
| 2016 | The Hollow Crown | Richard III |
| 2016 | Saturday Night Live | Himself (host) |
| 2017 | The Child in Time | Stephen Lewis |
| 2018 | Patrick Melrose | Patrick Melrose |
| 2019 | Brexit: The Uncivil War | Dominic Cummings |
| 2019 | Good Omens | Satan (voice) |
| 2021 | The Simpsons | TBA (voice) |
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